大坡道米轨道床阻力及轨排稳定性研究

为研究大坡道米轨(齿轨)有砟轨道结构稳定性,通过建立米轨离散元和有限元轨排模型,分析该结构在不同坡度条件下道床阻力变化及在荷载作用下轨排纵、横向稳定性。研究表明:(1)受轨枕与道床之间正压力减小和道砟颗粒之间接触减弱的共同作用,随着坡度增大,轨枕道床纵、横向阻力逐渐降低,且降低幅度明显高于轨枕与道床间正压力的降低幅度;(2)随着坡度的不断增大,在纵向制动荷载作用下轨枕位移显著增大,且有砟道床整体稳定性逐渐降低;(3)综合考虑轨枕位移及有砟道床整体稳定性,建议米轨有砟轨道最大坡度不超过500‰;(4)在温度荷载及制动荷载作用下,为保证米轨铁路曲线段的横向稳定性,在坡度为250‰时,无齿轨段曲线半径≮700 m,有齿轨段曲线半径≮600 m。     

Stability of transportation networks under adaptive routing policies

Growing concerns regarding urban congestion, and the recent explosion of mobile devices able to provide real-time information to traffic users have motivated increasing reliance on real-time route guidance for the online management of traffic networks. However, while the theory of traffic equilibria is very well-known, fewer results exist on the stability of such equilibria, especially in the context of adaptive routing policy. In this work, we consider the problem of characterizing the stability properties of traffic equilibria in the context of online adaptive route choice induced by GPS-based decision making. We first extend the recent framework of “Markovian Traffic Equilibria” (MTE), in which users update their route choice at each intersection of the road network based on traffic conditions, to the case of non-equilibrium conditions, while preserving consistency with known existence and uniqueness results on MTE. We then exhibit sufficient conditions on the network topology and the latency functions for those MTEs to be stable in the sense of Lyapunov for a single destination problem. For various more restricted classes of network topologies motivated by the observed properties of travel patterns in the Singapore network, under certain assumptions we prove local exponential stability of the MTE, and derive analytical results on the sensitivity of the characteristic time of convergence to network and traffic parameters. The results proposed in this work are illustrated and validated on synthetic toy problems as well as on the Singapore road network with real demand and traffic data.     

异形网箱生态结构的设计及应用

为保护落成洲整治建筑物头部潜堤根部及LL3~LL5号丁坝根部的现有植被,在标准网箱结构的基础上,研发出异形网箱结构来替代抛石筑堤。异形网箱生态堤在满足工程功能需求的前提下,完整保护了落成洲的原有生态环境,可为航道整治生态结构设计提供参考。     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

郑万高铁大断面岩质隧道掌子面稳定性评价及控制措施

为建立施工阶段大断面隧道掌子面稳定性评价方法,结合郑万高铁大型机械化特点,对郑万高铁湖北段隧道掌子面地质信息进行统计分析,将掌子面稳定性分为A整体稳定、B局部掉块、C上半断面不稳定和D全断面不稳定4个级别,并建立以岩石坚硬程度、岩体完整程度和地下水状态3个指标的掌子面稳定性定性分级方法,得出围岩级别与掌子面稳定性的对应关系。研究结果表明： 1）岩石坚硬程度、岩体完整程度和地下水状态是围岩分级指标中使用率最高的3个指标; 2）Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩的掌子面稳定性为A级。     

郑万高铁隧道大断面机械化施工关键技术研究

为实现大断面隧道机械化施工,针对郑万高速铁路湖北段隧道机械化施工所面临的掌子面稳定性控制、支护结构参数优化、机械化施工工法及施工工艺参数选取等主要问题,采取现场试验、资料调研、理论分析等手段,提出掌子面稳定性综合分级方法及稳定性控制措施,并对超前支护、洞身支护参数进行优化。郑万高速铁路采用全断面法和微台阶法2种工法进行施工,同时,对高压劈裂注浆、低预应力锚杆、超挖控制、高标号初喷混凝土等施工工艺进行探索和应用; 在信息化项目管理平台的基础上,建立基于施工动态管理的隧道作业面分类管理方法。研究成果在郑万高速铁路的成功应用将极大提高隧道建设的机械化水平,为隧道机械化施工提供参考。     

考虑结构面黏聚力损伤变化的洞室块体稳定分析

为研究隧道开挖过程中临空面块体的稳定情况,进一步探究在其结构面具有胶结强度情况下块体的稳定性,运用黏聚力模型模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,以及相应的滑移和脱开行为。选取甘肃北山某典型花岗岩研究区域搜索出的块体,以及获得的结构面参数区间,分4种方案研究块体的稳定性,同时考虑初始地应力、开挖诱导的二次地应力等因素的影响。方案1赋予抗拉强度和黏聚强度一个很小的数值,从而可以分析块体仅受结构面摩擦应力影响下的稳定性;方案2、3、4分别考虑不同位置的块体可能的失稳情况,通过调整不同块体结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,分析块体稳定性。分析结果表明： 黏聚力模型能较好地模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,并且能模拟结构面的滑移和脱开行为,可作为块体稳定性分析计算的工具;此外,也为模拟胶结结构面损伤随时间的渐进性发展提供一个新思路。     

古夫隧道软弱围岩普通型机械化配套试验性施工技术

为提高隧道软弱围岩施工安全性和加快施工进度,依托古夫隧道出口段工程,首先通过超前地质预报、监控量测、应力应变测试等判断围岩及掌子面稳定性; 然后通过超前支护、低预应力涨壳式锚杆加固围岩,提高围岩自稳能力; 最后采用普通型机械化配套大断面法施工,对围岩的拱顶沉降、周边收敛、应力应变等进行监测,通过数据分析结果指导现场施工。研究结果表明： 1)隧道软弱围岩普通型机械化配套试验性施工技术可以有效地加快施工进度,保证施工安全; 2)信息化管理可以通过数据分析结果指导现场施工,大大提升隧道施工的管理水平。     

蒙华铁路阳城隧道土砂分界地层分界面位置对围岩稳定性影响探究

为了解决隧道穿越土砂分界地层的围岩稳定性问题,以蒙华铁路阳城隧道为研究对象,采用现场试验、室内试验及数值试验等研究方法对土砂分界地层围岩稳定性进行探究,重点探讨地层种类及其厚度变化对围岩变形、塑性区扩展及支护结构受力的影响。结果表明： 1）相对单一地层,土砂分界地层会影响洞周应力分布,分界面处围岩容易先出现塑性区,且土砂分界地层围岩变形性质与软弱的全砂岩地层更为接近; 2）在土砂分界地层分界面处会产生较大的水平收敛,易出现拉应力; 3）土砂分界地层中,随着砂层所占比例的增大,拱顶沉降和洞周收敛不断增大,且分界面所在台阶处支护结构的应力发展会提前达到更高的峰值; 4）当分界面出现在上台阶时,围岩会产生极大的塑性变形,支护结构承受相对较大的应力,是土砂分界地层中最不利的分界情形。